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ResourcesUpdated 6 months ago

Links to relevant research papers and articles can be found in many of our Help Center articles. Prefer to browse on your own? We've also listed them here with a brief overview for your convenience.


Interaction of Grazing Muzzle Use and Grass Species on Forage Intake of Horses

The use of a grazing muzzle reduced adult horse's pasture intake by approximately 30%, regardless of cool-season grass species grazed. 

Glunk EC , Sheaffer CC , Hathaway MR , Martinson KL . Interaction of grazing muzzle use and grass species on forage intake of horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2014;34:930–3


The effect of wearing a grazing muzzle vs not wearing a grazing muzzle on pasture dry matter intake by ponies

Pasture intakes were significantly reduced when ponies were fitted with a muzzle such that pasture dry matter intake was reduced by an average of 83% (range 75-88 percent) compared to when the ponies were grazing without their muzzles.

A.C. Longland et al. The effect of wearing a grazing muzzle vs not wearing a grazing muzzle on pasture dry matter intake in ponies. J Equine Vet Sci (2011).


Grass length can affect muzzled grazing behaviour in ponies  

Grazing muzzles can be an effective tool to help with equine weight management, according to new research, but longer grass can be more difficult for muzzled ponies to graze. This can cause frustration-related behaviour in some individuals. 


Obesity and Weight Management

Monitoring and managing your horse’s weight is an important part of horse ownership, particularly if you own a “good doer”. Ensuring that your horse does not become overweight means that your horse is at less risk of developing Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS), laminitis, arthritis, and other chronic health conditions. 

National Equine Welfare Council. Obesity and Weight Management. newc.co.uk,


NEWC Grazing Muzzle Guidance

Grazing muzzles are used to restrict grass intake, not to prevent a horse from eating. Restricting grass intake is important for horses with a tendency to gain weight or that are susceptible to laminitis.

National Equine Welfare Council. Grazing Muzzle Guidance. thelaminitissite.org,


Effects of grazing muzzles on behavior and physiological stress of individually housed grazing miniature horses

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of muzzling for different lengths of time on horse behavior and physiological stress.

Davis, K.M., M.E. Iwaniuk, R.L. Dennis, P.A. Harris, and A.O. Burk. 2020. Effects of grazing muzzles on behavior and physiological stress of individually housed grazing miniature horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. Volume 231, 105067, ISSN 0168-1591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105067.


UK Horse Carers’ Experiences of Restricting Grazing When Aiming to Prevent Health Issues in Their Horses

This study aimed to determine how commonly different restricted grazing methods are used in the UK, barriers limiting their accessibility, and the potential benefits and welfare issues associated with each.

Cameron, Amelia, P. Harris, A. Longland, S. Horseman, and J. Hockenhull. 2021. UK Horse Carers’ Experiences of Restricting Grazing When Aiming to Prevent Health Issues in Their Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. Volume 104,103685, ISSN 0737-0806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103685.


Effects of Grazing Muzzles on Intakes of Dry Matter and Water-Soluble Carbohydrates by Ponies Grazing Spring, Summer, and Autumn Swards, as well as Autumn Swards of Different Heights

In temperate regions such as the UK and Northern Europe, pasture grasses can contain significant amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs). Excessive consumption of WSC fractions has been associated with the development of several equine disorders including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), laminitis, and equine polysaccharide storage myopathy.

Longland, A.C., C. Barfoot, and P.A. Harris. 2016. Effects of Grazing Muzzles on Intakes of Dry Matter and Water-Soluble Carbohydrates by Ponies Grazing Spring, Summer, and Autumn Swards, as well as Autumn Swards of Different Heights. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. Volume 40(26-33). ISSN 0737-0806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jevs.2015.09.009.
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